Water Pipe Sizing Calculator
The Water Pipe Sizing Calculator helps in determining appropriate pipe sizes for hydronic (water-based) heating and cooling systems. It estimates key parameters like water velocity (fps) and friction loss (ft of head per 100 ft of pipe) for a given flow rate (GPM), pipe material, nominal pipe size, and fluid temperature. This calculator typically uses the Darcy-Weisbach equation with an approximation like the Swamee-Jain formula for the friction factor. Proper pipe sizing is crucial for ensuring adequate flow, minimizing pumping energy, and avoiding issues like noise or erosion.
Recommended Velocities & Common Materials: General guidelines for water velocity in pipes are 2-4 fps for residential/quiet applications, 4-7 fps for general commercial, and up to 10 fps for industrial settings where noise is less of a concern (exceeding 10 fps can risk noise and erosion). Common pipe materials include Copper (Type L, K, M), Steel (Schedule 40, 80), PEX, and CPVC, each with distinct properties affecting sizing.
This is a simplified tool for straight pipe sections and uses approximate water properties. It does NOT account for fittings (elbows, tees, valves), elevation changes, or precise temperature-dependent fluid properties. For complete system design and pump head calculations, consult engineering handbooks (e.g., ASHRAE, Cameron Hydraulic Data) and consider all system components.